Technology The New York Times

“Technology” did not really exist as a concept until at least the seventeenth century; what we see in the early trendy period is the attempt to create a realm that continually straddled growing scientific thought and growing industrial practices. Technology continues today to ambiguously refer both to the practices and instruments of fabric building, and to the information (the -ology ) about how these practices and instruments function. In the centuries spanning the invention of the printing press and the first experiments with electrical energy, technology gave rise to a specific vision of human effort and studying, one whose central picture was that of “progress.” It is estimated that ninety per cent of all of the scientists who ever lived are alive at present, and, as crudely measured by the volume of scientific publication, scientific knowledge is doubling each ten to fifteen years. In the primary three hundred years after the invention of firearms, the improvement in the original product was so sluggish that Benjamin Franklin gave severe consideration to arming the Continental Army with bows and arrows.

But it’s absolutely an indication that the race for fashions that may outreason people has begun. Last weekend, I got married at a summer camp, and during the day our friends competed in a collection of video games impressed by the present Survivor that my now-wife and I orchestrated. When we were planning the games in August, we wished one station to be a memory problem, the place our friends and family must memorize a half of a poem after which relay it to their teammates so they might re-create it with a set of picket tiles. “Robot utility models” sidestep the necessity to tweak the info used to coach robots each time they try to do one thing in unfamiliar settings.

The first is the truth that lots of the manufacturing effects of a technology depend on the extent to which it has been bodily “embodied” in capital goods (see Salter 1960; Green 1966). Similarly, the second improvement stresses the significance of human capital, within the sense of the technologically relevant data and capacities really “embodied” in a society’s inhabitants . So far, research of those linkages between technology and sources have been concerned only with their over-all financial significance and thus have used extremely aggregated financial information. It is obvious that issues concerning technology-output relations have had an important quantitative in addition to a qualitative aspect.

Another attempt at coordinating technological research and development to be able to strengthen the technological base and improve competitiveness are the European Union’s Framework Programs. The first program (1984–1987) was rather general whereas the second program (1987–1991) was extra targeted with Esprit, a program dedicated to electronics, especially to data and communications technology. COST , an intergovernmental European framework for international Technology news cooperation between nationally funded research activities established in 1971, was directed towards member states of the European Union and past. Rather than funding research and growth activities themselves, it introduced together research groups from completely different countries working on specific matters.